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landing signal officer
A Landing Signal Officer (LSO) is a Naval Aviator specially trained to facilitate the "safe and expeditious recovery" of naval aircraft aboard aircraft carriers.〔http://www.navyair.com/LSO_NATOPS_Manual.pdf〕 Originally LSOs were responsible for bringing aircraft aboard ship using hand signals. Since the introduction of optical landing systems in the 1950s, LSOs assist pilots by giving information via radio handsets.
=="Paddles"==
In the U.S. Navy, aircraft carrier operations began with USS ''Langley'' (CV-1) in 1922. ''Langley''s initial flight operations were on an experimental basis to learn what worked and what didn't.〔Tate, Jackson R., RADM USN "We Rode the Covered Wagon" ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'' October 1978 p.66〕 The first pilots had no signaling system for assistance from shipboard personnel.〔Tate, Jackson R., RADM USN "We Rode the Covered Wagon" ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'' October 1978 p.68〕 ''Langley''s first executive officer, Kenneth Whiting, had a hand-cranked movie camera film every landing to aid in evaluation of landing technique.〔 When not flying, Commander Whiting observed all landings from the aft port corner of the flight deck.〔 Commander Whiting's position remained visible to landing pilots in critical touchdown attitudes when the nose of the aircraft might obscure the pilot's view straight ahead. Pilots found Commander Whiting's body language helpful and suggested an experienced pilot be assigned to occupy that position, using agreed signals which evolved with experience.〔 These Landing Signal Officers or Landing Safety Officers (LSOs) faced the incoming plane and held colored flags for improved visibility. Because LSOs used colored paddles, flags, or wands well into the jet age, the officers became unofficially known as "paddles" (US), or "batsmen" (UK). They are still referred thus to this day, and the LSO trade is referred to as "waving".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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